Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon-based Method for Securing Genuine Products in Supply Chains

Abstract

Counterfeit products pose a significant threat to global supply chains, particularly in low-
resource settings with limited regulatory oversight. Existing anti-counterfeit solutions often
fall short by failing to prevent product ID duplication or engage all supply chain actors. To
address these limitations, this study develops a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon-based
method for securing genuine products and detecting counterfeit infiltration. The method
combines geofencing, encryption, and stakeholder inclusivity to ensure products are
authenticated only within authorised physical locations. It was implemented as a mobile and
web-based system, tested through controlled laboratory experiments, and evaluated using a
structured user survey. Experimental results demonstrated the method’s effectiveness in
detecting counterfeit products and rejecting unauthorised or duplicated scans. User
evaluations confirmed high usability, satisfaction, and system responsiveness, with broad
support for real-world deployment. The findings highlight the method’s potential to
democratise counterfeit detection, prevent ID reuse, and reinforce product traceability.
Overall, the BLE beacon-based approach offers a practical, scalable, and cost-effective
solution to enhance supply chain security and consumer trust.